Impementation Of Interactive Educational Platform

Question 1: Describe and explain the technology innovation what is the technology and how will it be used? Answer 1: Introduction Background Nigerian education sector is trying to develop itself through proving special focus on the English education. According to Bunch (2013) the disparity within the Nigerian education sector is the main reason for the lower growth. However, according to Cipi (2014) the major reason for the poor condition of the English education is lack of well-trained teachers and the absence of adequate study materials. According to the study by Oduma Ile (2014) the growth of the English education has started through the development of colonial culture within the country. However, this cultural development did not contributed in the growth of the English education within the country. One of the major reasons for the present condition is that after the independence the Nigerian government has not heavily contributed in the enrichment of the English education. The Nigerian schooling structure is divided into five formal divisions. Those divisions are: Primary schools, Secondary Education, Federal government schools, State owned schools and the Private Secondary Schools (Nigeria.usembassy.gov, 2012). However, the state owned and the federal government schools dominate the Nigerian education system. The growth of the private education sector in Nigeria is very poor because of its higher expenditure. The study by Wallenius (2010) has shown that the cost of private education is ranging within $1000 to $2000, which is beyond the limit of 90% of the population. However, a different study on the English education by Verhoeven et al. (2014) has shown a different picture. According to this study the English education quality within the private schools are quite moderate. However, the English education quality within the government owned education is very poor. It has been observed that the main reason for the poor quality is that lower infrastructure and the lack of adequate materials. Therefore, an interactive educational portal for the English education from basic to advance level could be very much helpful for the government education sections. 1.0 Description and Explanation of Technology innovation The smart class concept is very much familiar within the global education sector. However, this concept is not very much familiar with the Nigerian education sector. The private education sector has implemented this concept but they have implemented through a static method. Therefore, the interactive educational portal with an interactive character will be very much attractive to the students especially those who are in the primary and secondary schools. 1.0.1 Technical Descriptions and Description of the Attractive features The entire solution will be developed through the development of a cloud based interactive portal. The portal will be not displayed through the computer screens. However, the portal will be displayed through the interactive whiteboards. The main reason for selection of the interactive whiteboard is that over some of the surveys across the globe it has been seen that the interactive white board has increased the learning efficiency of the students by an average 17% compared to the other smart class techniques (Ietlb.com, 2015). The cloud server model will enable the government to reduce the implementation and the physical infrastructure cost. On the other hand through this cloud based model the Nigerian government will provide mobility to the English education as it can be accessed from anywhere with just one internet connection. On the other hand, this cloud based online interactive education portal will help the teachers to enrich themselves. This online portal will have a separate expert community and the purpose of this community will be knowledge sharing. Through this knowledge sharing expert community, the Nigerian teachers can develop themselves to deliver possible best in class English educational service to the primary and the secondary level students. According to Okoh (2008) it is very much important to grow the attraction of the students to get the success of any educational service of topic. Through the studies by Chimaka (2014) it has been observed that the most of the children are very much passionate with the favourite cartoon character and the most of the young youths are very much passionate with their imaginary super heroes. Therefore, to attract the students to the interactive platform these cartoon and the superhero characters will be replicated. However, through a primary survey it is very much important to identify the most popular characters for the each segment. The other attractive feature that will be included that if any of the students remains able to provide correct answer the interactive character will appreciate this effort through some of the lucrative appreciations. Through these exciting features, it is believed that the students especially from the primary and the secondary will gain their interest for the English education (Okpanachi, 2014). 1.0.2 Implementation Plan 1.0.2.1 Pre-Implementation Plan The implementation plan will be very much extensive and lengthy. The main reason for the selection of a long deadline plan is to ensure the quality of the system and its features. Therefore, the implementation plan will be initiated only after a successful pre-implementation planning. The pre-installing plan will be developed to develop an interest within the student and the teacher community (Gass et al. 2011). This pre-implementation will help to identify the senses from the teaching staffs and the community on the ICT application. The product development will be done parallel within the pre-implementation planning. The major reason for keeping the product development and the pre-implementation plan in line is that the pre-implementation findings will be included as an input to the system to make this system a well-structured one. On the other hand, the focus will be kept to analyze the current and the required infrastructure for the implementation of the interactive ICT platform within the robust education sector of Nigeria (Hickman, 2014). In this requirement analysis part, the major focus will be in the development of the physical infrastructures like the analysis of the present bandwidth, installation of the optical fibre network, development of the restricted Wi-Fi zones within the schools etc. 1.0.2.2 Final Implementation Planning Once this pre-implementation plan is successful, the main implementation will be initiated. The main implementation plan will be implements through couple of phases. The proposal for the main installation will be illustrated through the following paragraphs. The first stage will be to create positive awareness within the primary school teaching staffs. This awareness development plan will be done through the demonstration of the features and the interesting sides of the interactive classes. Moreover, a touch and feel kind of workshop will be created to make the teachers fully aware about the system and teaching techniques (Sari, 2014). In the second stage, a training and development program will be arranged through creating demographic division within the country. In this training and development workshop, teaching staffs will be trained extensively. The main motto of this training and development will be made the teachers fully accustomed with the new teaching system. Moreover, it the other thing that will be done through this training and development plan will educate the teaching staffs about the usage of the online learning knowledge sharing community for their own knowledge development (Verhoeven et al. 2014). The third stage will be designed fully to develop the awareness within the primary and the secondary schools students and the community about the new learning system and its effectiveness. In this stage the students and the parents will be demonstrated the system through an interactive seminars within the primary schools. This stage will help to develop primary level interest within the students. In the fourth stage the actual system implementation of the system will be done through the segregating the schools as per the demographics. During this system implementation, a separate monitoring mechanism will be developed to monitor and control the system implementation. Once the implementation is done in the primary schools, the same cycle will be carried out for the secondary schools. 1.0.2.3 Monitoring Mechanism Once the full system implementation has been done for both the primary and the secondary schools, a monitoring mechanism will be developed. This mechanism system will follow both the online and the offline monitoring of the entire process. The online monitoring will be done through calculating the hours of usage and through number of time a student is appreciated with the interactive character. This mechanism will help to identify the difference within the popularity for a particular given time (Adeoye Tomei, 2012). On the other hand, the offline monitoring will be done through fortnight schools visits by the application agencies. This measure will help them to understand the ground realities and the future development areas for this particular system. A separate monitoring mechanism will be carried out for the teaching staffs. This review will be done through an online test for the teachers to analyse how much capacity they have gained through the new system (Ogunfolu, 2014). The main motto of this system will be to identify the gaps in the present system. This gap analysis will help to develop a more concrete learning system for the future purpose. On the other hand, this monitoring will help to identify the key flexible areas that can improve the interactive learning environment. 1.0.2.4 Leadership for the Implementation Leadership will be very much important for this particular project implementation. According to Girgin Stevens (2005) the relationship between a teacher and a student is the most motivating factor for the promotion of any kind of learning initiative. Therefore, during the pre-implementation and implementation the primary and the secondary teaching staffs will be trained in such a way that they remain able to increase and maintain the interest from the students for interactive learning. The disparity within the education sector has created a negative impression on the English education. Therefore, a separate training will be provided to the English teachers so that they remain able to increase the interest for the English learning. This will help to increase the basic interest within the students before the final implementation of the proposed system has been done. 1.0.2.5 Sustainability of the proposed system The sustainability could be a major issue during the initial years. The main reason behind this is that it will be difficult to keep both the conventional education delivery mechanism and the interactive education delivering in line. The primary and the secondary education structure needs to be changed to redesign the examination structure. Therefore, the examination structure should be developed with the incorporation of ICT (Hersh, 2014). A separate planning from the government should be needed to promote the flexible education so that the students use this system from home though compatible devices. On the other hand, as the entire system is very much dependent upon the internet service. The government should focus concentration on the development of the infrastructure across the country (Adeoye Tomei, 2012). If these initiatives were taken by the appropriate authorities then this system will be a very much sustainable within the Nigerian education segment. Question 2: How does this innovation align with the overall curriculum planning in this educational context Answer 2: Aligning the Interactive learning with the present curriculum The interactive learning and evaluation follows a different set of process. This process is very much different from the conventional learning method. Therefore, the primary and the secondary education system need to be changed to meet the requirements of the interactive learning. The syllabus of the primary and the secondary education should be redesigned in accordance with the interactive learning. The evaluation process for the interactive learning is very much different from the conventional method. Therefore, a separate evaluation process needs to be implementing for the English only. This separation will take robust change within the education framework therefore once the interactive learning is implemented the evaluation system for the English language should be changed otherwise it will be very difficult to identify the positive or negative effect of the newly proposed system. On the other hand, a separate identity for each of the students needs to be created so that the individual growth can be analyzed. In the case of skills developments of the teaching staffs a separate skill development mechanism should be implemented so that with the growing levels quality education delivery does not becomes a problem. In the development of the course work, the levels should be keep through developing an equilibrium within the Nigerian quality and the international quality. This development should be done through the development of a consulting group with the Nigerian members and International experts. Question 3: What are the advantages, practical considerations, and limitations of implementing this innovation in this context? Answer 3: Advantages of the Interactive Learning The major advantage of the interactive learning is that it allows the student to learn things according to his/her grasping capacity. The long history of English negligence has created a negative will on the minds of the students. Therefore, through the implementation of ICT based education platform the teachers will remain able to develop the mindsets of the students through gradual improvement (LERA Blog, 2015). The other advantage of the interactive education have is as it is a very much interactive platform it increases the students interest on the topic. According to the study by Shah Khan (2009) through the interactive learning the interest increment is very much easy on a tough subject especially within the kids. The other advantage that the interactive learning has is that it helps in improving the communication skills of the students. Therefore, the implementation of the ICT based education in Nigeria will not only help the students to learn English it will also help to develop the English communication skills. This development in the English communication skills will help them to prosper in their future (LERA Blog, 2015). The major advantage that the cloud based interactive learning provides to the government is it significantly reduces the infrastructural development cost. The cloud is very easily accessible from any corner of the world. Therefore, if the Nigerian government wants to implement the interactive learning though a larger scales in future it will not incur major infrastructural cost for them (Kelly et al. 2005). The other thing that the interactive learning provides is the uniformity of the quality and delivery system. This system delivers the content and the other resources through a single pointy and through a single process, therefore the uniformity of the education delivery remains the same at any point (LERA Blog, 2015). Question 4: How will the innovation be evaluated? Answer 4: Practical Considerations and Limitations The practical considerations that should be taken into account while developing and implementing the interactive learning system will be: The content of the course should be designed in such a way that it becomes very much understandable to the all levels of the students. The content should use lower graphics for the initial time because as the ground level infrastructure is not so high and it requires time to develop it could have a adverse effect on the students and teachers. The training and development mechanism for the teachers should be designed in such a way that the teachers remain able to understand the content and remains able to deliver the quality education to the students. It has been observed that the quality of the English teachers is very poor within the country. Therefore, government should recruit new peoples and should develop them for delivering the optimum quality education to the students. The telecommunication network is not that much strong for the country. Therefore, if the government wants a very aggressive growth in the interactive learning then they should more aggressively develop the existing telecommunication network. The main reason behind this is that if the telecommunication network gets the required advancement then the interactive graphical content can be developed in more lucrative manner. This will increase the interest of the students on English (The Guardian, 2010). Evaluation of the Innovation The effectiveness of the system will be evaluated through assessing the growth of the English literacy within the primary and the secondary students. The growth of the students will be judged though their corresponding examinations. However, the penetration of the system will be judged through tracking the access time of the by system. This time tracking will be done though two ways. One is through tracking the system access time by an institute and by tracking the system access time by the individual students. Primarily the system evaluation will be done through this process. However, the evaluation process will be changed in accordance with the future improvements (Hersh, 2014). Future improvement aspects The key areas that can be developed in future to make this interactive learning more lucrative and flexible to the students are: The content should be in line with the international standards. The main reason for this up-gradation of the content is that it will allow the students to develop themselves in accordance with the international standards. The content should include more multimedia-based content so that it becomes easier to understand the meanings. The increment in the use of multimedia content will increase the students interest on the English learning. This will majorly help in increasing the interest of the primary level students. The implementation of the ICT should not only do for the English language. This kind of interactive learning should be implemented for the other areas like science, history, geography, engineering etc. The implementation in these areas will also improve the quality of the Nigerian education sector. The improvement in the quality of the education will increase the employability of the students in future. Conclusion The interactive learning portal through the digital whiteboard has the capacity and capability to increase the quality of the education. However, as the ground infrastructure and the teaching staff quality is not so high for the country therefore, before the large-scale implementation of the proposed project the development of the said resources should be done. The ICT based learning has the capacity to increase the efficiency of the students but as the country has major disparity within the education sector. Therefore, the implementation should be done very systematically and through taking specific areas at a time. Cloud based ICT education platform provides the flexible learning platform. However, to get the benefit this feature the government should develop its existing telecommunication network so that the interested students can access their learning contents from their home. Reference List Adeoye, B., Tomei, L. (2012) Effects of information capitalism and globalization on teaching and learning. Bunch, G. (2013). Pedagogical Language Knowledge: Preparing Mainstream Teachers for English Learners in the New Standards Era.Review Of Research In Education,37(1), 298-341. Chimaka, A. (2014). Formal Education. Frankfurt: Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften. Cipi, E. (2014). How to Integrate ICT with Didactic Learning Approaches. Journal Of Educational And Social Research. Gass, S., Mackey, A., Ross-Feldman, L. (2011). Task-Based Interactions in Classroom and Laboratory Settings.Language Learning,61, 189-220. Girgin *, K., Stevens, D. (2005). Bridging inà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ class participation with innovative instruction: use and implications in a Turkish university classroom.Innovations In Education And Teaching International,42(1), 93-106. Hersh, M. (2014). Evaluation framework for ICT-based learning technologies for disabled people. Computers Education, 78, 30-47. Hickman, A. (2014). Learning Development: ICT - Joining up the dots. Nursery World, 2014(2). Ietlb.com,. (2015). Promethean Interactive Whiteboards, IWB and Classroom Technology : IET Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ ªÃƒËœÃ‚ ¹Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã…  Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Ø §Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾ÃƒËœÃ‚ ªÃƒâ„¢Ã‚ ÃƒËœÃ‚ §ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¹Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã…  .. Retrieved 12 January 2015. Kelly, P., Haidet, P., Schneider, V., Searle, N., Seidel, C., Richards, B. (2005). A Comparison of In-Class Learner Engagement Across Lecture, Problem-Based Learning, and Team Learning Using the STROBE Classroom Observation Tool.Teaching And Learning In Medicine,17(2), 112-118. LERA Blog,. (2015). Advantages of Interactive Learning with the Use of Technology - LERA Blog. Retrieved 12 January 2015. Nigeria.usembassy.gov,. (2012). Nigerian Education Profile | United States Diplomatic Mission to Nigeria. Retrieved 12 January 2015. Oduma, C., Ile, C. (2014). ICT enabled education and ICT driven e-learning strategies: Benefits and setbacks in Nigeria education system. AFRREV STECH: An International Journal Of Science And Technology, 3(2), 108. Ogunfolu, A. (2014). Accountability Deficit Of The Nigerian State. SaarbruÃÅ'ˆcken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing. Okoh, C. (2008). Overcoming The Problem Of English Sound System Among Learners Of English Language In Nigeria.Journal Of Technology And Education In Nigeria,11(1). Okpanachi, B. (2014). Nigerian-Vatican Diplomatic Relations. Frankfurt: Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften. Sari, A. (2014). Influence of ICT Applications on Learning Process in Higher Education. Procedia - Social And Behavioral Sciences, 116, 4939-4945. Shah, A., Khan, S. (2009). Use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) for Effective Open and Distant Learning (ODL).Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Learn.,4(4). The Guardian,. (2010). Nigeria harnesses Pidgin English power. Retrieved 12 January 2015. Verhoeven, J., Heerwegh, D., De Wit, K. (2014). ICT learning experience and research orientation as predictors of ICT skills and the ICT use of university students.Educ Inf Technol. Verhoeven, J., Heerwegh, D., De Wit, K. (2014). ICT learning experience and research orientation as predictors of ICT skills and the ICT use of university students. Educ Inf Technol. Wallenius, M. (2010). Salivary Cortisol in Relation to the Use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in School-Aged Children.Psychology,01(02), 88-95.

Views of War in Apocalypse Now Essay Example For Students

Views of War in Apocalypse Now Essay The film, â€Å"Apocalpyse Now,† directed by Francis Ford Coppola, illustrates the psychologically damaging effects of the Vietnam war. As the story progresses, each character falls deeper into both an actual and metaphorical darkness, of the landscape and in their minds. The relationship between the landscape and mental psyche of the soldiers, is seen as the crew, made up of Chief, Lance, Chef, Clean, and Willard, venture further into enemy territory. The purpose of their mission is to escort Willard, the narrator and main character, to captain Kurtz. Kurtz is a former high-ranking military member, who has gone rogue, and seemingly lost his sanity. Each character loses their sense of self, as the horrors of war escalate around them, as their environment becomes more menacing. The film offers several insights into war, and human nature. The most prominent being that in a society, there are constraints to keep people from, â€Å"losing it. † The film makes the point that freedom from such societal constrains, leads to insanity, and that once pushed to a certain point, you can either reject or embrace the dark, savage, and primal part of your mind and soul. We will write a custom essay on Views of War in Apocalypse Now specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This is seen in both Willard and Kurtz, where Willard ends up rejecting this notion, and Kurtz ends up accepting. Both Willard and Kurtz followed the same psychological path to insanity. This change is depicted in Willard, as he travels further and further up the Nung River, towards Kurtz. Once Willard reaches the compound, it represents the same psychological crossroads Kurtz came across. The psyche of a soldier is a direct product of the environment they are in. In an environment as absurd and horrible as Vietnam, insanity is only a matter of time and circumstance. In this sense I use insanity to describe the savage part of one’s self, that war indulges. The film makes the point that the soldier has the choice, to either accept or deny the insanity of war, as seen in Willard as he rejects succeeding Kurtz as the native’s leader. In the beginning of the film, Willard is shown intoxicated in his room, and eager to return to action. It becomes apparent that he is already damaged. This is his second tour of duty. He has chosen to return after failing to assimilate back to civilian culture in the U. S. During the scene, he punches a mirror in his drunken state, symbolically destroying himself. Later in the movie he states, â€Å"Someday this wars gonna end. Thatd be just fine with the boys on the boat. They werent looking for anything more than a way home. Trouble is, Id been back there, and I knew that it just didnt exist anymore. † This highlights the divide between Willard, and the rest of the crew. Willard has already been forever changed by the environment of Vietnam. The other crew members are unaware of this fact. They simply want to get in, get out, and go home. They do not yet understand that past a certain threshold, there really is no returning. To them, the mission is a means to an end. To Willard, it’s a way to get back in touch with his sense of self. He is further along the path to insanity, which continues as the movie progresses. As the crew moves up the river, Willard becomes increasingly intrigued with Kurtz. He constantly checks his dossier and reads about the man he is sent to kill. In the film, Willard states, It was no accident that I got to be the caretaker of Colonel Walter E. Kurtzs memory, any more than being back in Saigon was an accident. There is no way to tell his story without telling my own. .ue395010c9ecd1a33a8e0618e9bbf71e7 , .ue395010c9ecd1a33a8e0618e9bbf71e7 .postImageUrl , .ue395010c9ecd1a33a8e0618e9bbf71e7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue395010c9ecd1a33a8e0618e9bbf71e7 , .ue395010c9ecd1a33a8e0618e9bbf71e7:hover , .ue395010c9ecd1a33a8e0618e9bbf71e7:visited , .ue395010c9ecd1a33a8e0618e9bbf71e7:active { border:0!important; } .ue395010c9ecd1a33a8e0618e9bbf71e7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue395010c9ecd1a33a8e0618e9bbf71e7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue395010c9ecd1a33a8e0618e9bbf71e7:active , .ue395010c9ecd1a33a8e0618e9bbf71e7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue395010c9ecd1a33a8e0618e9bbf71e7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue395010c9ecd1a33a8e0618e9bbf71e7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue395010c9ecd1a33a8e0618e9bbf71e7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue395010c9ecd1a33a8e0618e9bbf71e7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue395010c9ecd1a33a8e0618e9bbf71e7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue395010c9ecd1a33a8e0618e9bbf71e7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue395010c9ecd1a33a8e0618e9bbf71e7 .ue395010c9ecd1a33a8e0618e9bbf71e7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue395010c9ecd1a33a8e0618e9bbf71e7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Causes Of The Civil War EssayAnd if his story is really a confession, then so is mine. As most of the narration in the film is presented in the past tense, this statement foreshadows the decision Willard makes at the end of the film. When saying that he is to being the caretaker of Kurtz’s memory, he is referring to Kurtz’s entrusting Willard to tell his story to his son. I believe he is talking about all the sons to follow. Kurtz understands that Willard is on a similar path, and that Willard understands why he has become what he is; why he has broken. Although Kurtz sets Willard up to be his successor in the jungle, it is almost as if he hopes Willard rejec ts his proposal. This is why he doesn’t immediately kill Willard. He wants him to take his story back with him, to share, in an attempt to prevent it from happening to those who follow in the future. Willard sees himself in Kurtz. At a point in the film, when reading the folder on Kurtz, it almost becomes unclear to Willard whether the words are Kurtz, or his own. In one of the movies flagship lines, Willard states, â€Å"Never get out of the boat. Absolutely goddamn right. Unless you were goin’ all the way. Kurtz got off the boat. He split from the whole fuckin’ program. † In saying this, Willard is referring to the boat as symbol for a soldiers sanity. Again, the environment serves as a parallel to a soldier’s psyche. He warns against leaving the societal constrains of the soldiers around you, and entering the jungle, where things become dark and foggy. Willard understands the path leading to insanity. He has traveled it. He has crossed the threshold, and managed to return. He understands why Kurtz has transformed. His whole narration of the film, is seemingly aimed at the soldiers to come. He is Kurtzs messenger. War is absurd. It exposes the darkest and foggiest parts of a soldiers mind and soul. The jungle represents this both literally, and metaphorically; Never get off the boat.

Elements of Account Essay Example

Elements of Account Essay Sample Question Paper Code-254 ELEMENTS OF BOOK KEEPING ACCOUNTANCY Class-IX Summative Assessment-II March 2011 Examination Design of Question paper Time Allowed : 3 Hrs 01. Weightage to form of Questions Type of questions 1. 2. 3. 4. MCQs Short Answer Questions Long Answer Questions(i) Long Answer Questions(ii) Total No. of Questions 16 8 4 4 32 Marks for each Question 1 3 4 6 Total Marks 16 24 16 24 80 Maximum Marks : 80 Duration of the examination will be 3 3 ? hours. Evaluation will be done from following topics Unit 4 Unit 5 Unit 6 Unit 7 Journal Ledger Recording and posting of cash transactions Trial balance 20 20 20 20 80 marks 1 Sample Question Paper ELEMENTS OF BOOK KEEPING ACCOUNTANCY (Code-254) Class-IX Summative Assessment-II Time Allowed : 3 Hrs GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS : 1. 2. 3. 4. 1. The Question Paper has 32 questions in all. All questions are compulsory. Maximum Marks : 80 Questions from serial No. 1 to 16 are multiple choice questions. These are to be answered by writing the correct option in your answer sheet. Attempt all parts of a question together. Business transactions are recorded:(a) (c) in chronological order at the end of the month (b) (d) weekly None of the above 1 2. Trial Balance is prepared generally for a particular period which is ? (a) (c) week Quarter (b) (d) month Year 1 3. Goods returned of Rs. 500/- by a customer, Anil will be entered in(a) (c) Purchases Book Sales Book (b) (d) Purchases Returns book Sales Returns Book 1 4. Purpose of Sales Book is(a) (b) (c) (d) To record all sales made by the firm To record payment due to creditors To record all credit sales made by the firm to record credit sales of goods made by the firm 1 5. Salaries paid to staff will be debited to (a) (c) Salary A/c Staff A/c (b) (d) Cash A/c Expense A/c 1 1 (b) (d) Secondary entry None of the above 1 Transactions None of the above 6. A ledger is called a book of :(a) (c) Primary entry Final entry 7. A Ledger Account is prepared from:(a) (c) Events Journal (b) (d) 8. Cash Book is used to record. (a) (c) All Cash receipts only. All Cash c redits sales (b) (d) All Cash payments only All receipts payments of Cash 1 (b) (d) Original entry None of the above 1 9. Journal is called a book of (a) (c) Secondary entry Final entry 10. We will write a custom essay sample on Elements of Account specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Elements of Account specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Elements of Account specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Transactions entered on the debit side of Cash-Book are posted to (a) (b) (c) (d) Debit side of the Cash Account Debit side of the respective ledger account Credit side of the respective ledger account Credit side of the Cash Account 11. If the total of the debit side of Cash Book exceeds the total on the credit side it indicates: 1 (a) (c) Favourabel cash balance (b) Excess of expenditure (d) Unfavourable cash balance Bank Overdraft 1 12. Petty Cash Book is generally prepared by: (a) (c) Every business unit Large business units (b) (d) Small business units None of the above 3 13. The object of preparing trial balance is: (a) (b) (c) (d) To ascertain the profits for the period To ascertain the accuracy of accounts To ascertain the financial position of the concern To ascertain cash balance 1 14. Purchase of furniture on credit is recorded in (a) (b) (c) (d) Purchase book Journal Cash-Book Sales-Book 1 15. Cash discount received on payment to creditor is recorded on the (a) (b) (c) (d) Credit side of the cash column of the Cash-Book On the debit side of the cash column of the Cash-Book On the credit side of the discount column of the Cash-Book On the debit side of the discount column of the Cash-Book 16. Ledger contains: (a) (b) (c) (d) All accounts Only personal accounts Only nominal accounts Only real accounts 1 17. Prepare the Purchases Book from the following details:(a) (b) (c) 3 Purchase of goods costing Rs. 5000 from M/s. Ramesh vide invoice no. 120 dated 15. 09. 2010. Purchase of Fixed Assets costing Rs. 8000 from M/s. Renu vide invoice no. 016 dated 20 . 09. 2010. Paid wages Rs. 600 in cash vide receipt no. 16 dated 25. 09. 2010. 4 18. Classify the following under the three types of accounts ( Real, Nominal and Personal): (a) (c) (e) Drawings Capital Bank (b) (d) (f) Cash Machinery Depreciation 3 3 3 3 3 3 9. Give any three uses of a ledger. 20. Differentiate between Journal and Ledger on the basis of any three points. 21. Cash Book is both a Journal a ledger. Explain. 22. Give three examples of entries which appear in a Journal Proper. 23 . Write any three limitations of preparing a Trial Balance. 24. State whether the following account will have a debit or a credit balance ? (a) (c) (e) Sales Capital Rent Paid (b) (d) (f) Purchase Return Salary Purchases 3 25. Enter the following transactions in appropriate Subsidiary Books of Ramesh for the month of January 2010: 4 Date Jan. Jan. 5. Jan. 15 Jan. 25 Transactions Sold goods to Ram Purchased goods from Hari Ram Returned goods to Hari Ram Ram Returned Goods Rs. 5,000 2,000 500 800 26. Rearrange the following steps in preparing ledger: 1. Enter the relevant amount in the amount column . 2. Record the page no. of the Journal . 3. Identify in the Ledger the account in which transactions are to be recorded. 4. Enter the date of the transaction in the date column. 4 5 27. Insert the following in Tabular Petty Cash Book. On 1st Feb. 2010 Rs. 40 were given to petty cash clerk. Feb. 2009 1. 2. 8. 12. 14. 15 Transactions Chowkidars Wages Pencils Railways freight on account of books Postage Stamps Telegrams Sundry Expenses Amount (Rs. ) 15. 00 5. 25 2. 31 1. 25 2. 44 0. 56 28. What is the main objective of preparing a Trial Balance? 29. Journalise the following transactions Date 2009 Jan. 1 Jan. 3 Jan . 7 Jan. 20 Jan. 25 Jan. 30 Started business with cash Sold Goods to Rohan Goods purchased from Sohan Paid Rent Commission Received Machinary purchased 50,000 40,000 20,000 500 200 10,000 Transactions Rs. 4 6 0. Pass the Journal Entries of M/s. Ram Traders. Post them to the Ledger from the following transactions: 6 Date 2010 April 1 April 3 April 5 April 15 Commenced Business with cash Purchased Furniture Goods purchased Cash Sales 1,50,000 25,000 30,000 40,000 Transactions Rs. 6 31. From the following information, draw up a Trial Balance in the books of Shri Subhash Chand as on 31st March,2009: 6 Transactions Capital Purchases Cash in Hand Cash at Bank Electricity exp. Stationery Office Equipment Sundry Debtors Machinery Salaries 32. Rs. ,50,000 40,000 7,000 8,500 4,800 500 2,400 8,000 1,60,000 11,400 Transactions Sales Sundry Creditor Rent Furniture Bank Loan Investment Commission paid Opening Stock Commission Received Postage Telegram Rs. 1,05,400 5,000 2,000 16,000 10,000 6,000 1,050 3,200 1,200 750 Prepare a Cash Book with discount column of Shri Shyam from the following transactions and balance it. 2009 March 1 March 3 March 5 March 10 March 12 March 15 March 18 March 25 Balance of cash in Hand Rs. 25,000 Rent paid Rs. 2,000 Purchased goods for cash Rs. 10,000 Stationery purchased Rs. 2,500 Sold Goods for Cash for Rs. ,000 Cash received from Ram Rs. 980 and discount allowed Rs. 20 Cash paid to Shyam Rs. 950 and discount Received Rs. 50 Wages Paid Rs. 2,000 7 Marking Scheme ELEMENTS OF BOOK KEEPING ACCOUNTANCY Class-IX Summative Assessment-II Time : 3 hours Q No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17. 18 Answer (a) (d) (d) (d) (a) (c) (c) (d) (b) (c) (a) (c) (b) (b) (c) (a) Maximum Marks : 80 Marks Purchase Book Balance Rs. 5,000 (a) (c) (e) Personal Account Personal Account Real Account (b) (d) (f) Real Account Real Account Nominal Account 8 19. (i) It provides complete information about all accounts in one book. ii) It facilitates the preparation of final accounts. (iii) It enables to ascertain the main items of revenues, expenses, assets and liabilities and their amounts. 20. Point of Distinction 1. 2. Nature Stage of Recording Journal It is a book of primary entry. Recording in the journal is the first stage. 3. Balancing Journal is not balanced Ledger It is a book of final entry Recording in the ledger is the second stage. All ledger accounts (except nominal accounts) are balanced in the ledger. 21. The Cash Book is a book of original entry since transactions are recorded for the first time from the source document. The Cash Book is a ledger in the sense that it is designed in the form of a Cash Account and records Cash receipts on the debit side and cash payments on the credit side, Thus, the Cash Book is both a journal and a ledger. 22. (i) Outstanding Expenses. (ii) Prepaid Expenses (iii) Entries for Dishonor of Bills. 23. Limitation of a Trial Balance- A Trial Balance is not a conclusive proof of the accuracy of the books of accounts since certain types of errors remain even when the Trial Balance tallies. The following errors do not affect the trial Balance at all. a) (c) 24 (a) Error of Principle, (B) Compensating error, Error of Recording in the books of original entry. Credit Debit Debit Error of complete omission (d) Credit (b) (d) (f) (c) Credit (e) Debit 25. Sales Book Rs. 5,000, Purchase Book Rs. 2,000, Purchase Return Book Rs. 500, Sales Return Book Rs. 800. 26. In order of 3-4-2-1. 27. Total Payment Rs. 26. 81 Balance c/d Rs. 13. 19 Grand Total Rs. 40. 00 Cash Required Rs. 26. 81 9 28. (i) To ascertain the arithmetical accuracy of Ledger accounts. (ii) To help in locating errors. (iii) To facilitate the preparation of financial statements. 9. Date 2009 Jan. 1 Particulars Cash A/c To Capital A/c (Being business started with cash) Jan. 3 Rohan To Sales A/c (Being the goods sold to Rohan) Jan. 7 Purchase A/c To Sohan (Being the goods purchased from Sohan) Jan. 20 Rent A/c To Cash A/c (Being the rent paid) Jan. 25 Cash A/c Dr. 200 200 Dr. 500 500 Dr. 20,000 20,000 Dr. 40,000 40,000 Dr. Debit (Rs. ) 50,000 50,000 Credit (Rs. ) To Commission Received A/c (Being the commission received) Jan. 30 Machinery A/c To Cash A/c Dr. 10,000 10,000 Being the Machinery purchased Total 1,20,700 1,20,700 10 30. (a) Date 2010 April 1. Particulars Cash A/C To Capital A/c (being started business with cash) Furniture A/c To Cash A/c (being the goods purchased for cash) Purchase A/c To Cash A/c (being the goods purchased for cash) Cash A/c To Sale A/c (bring the goods sold for cash LF Amounts Rs. 1,50,00 Amounts Rs. 1,50,000 April 3. 25,000 25,000 April 5. 30,000 30,000 April 15. 40,000 40,000 (b) Balance of following ledger Accounts Cash A/c Rs. 1, 35,000,Furniture A/c Rs. 25,000, Purchase A/c Rs. 30,000, Sales A/c Rs. 40,000. 31. Trial Balance Total Rs. 2, 71,600. 32. Cash Book Balance C/D Rs. 16530. 00, Discount Dr. Rs. 20. 00, Discount Cr. Rs. 50. 00. 11

The Environment and Free-Range, Organic, and Local Meat

The Environment and Free-Range, Organic, and Local Meat Meat and other animal products are a serious environmental issue, leading the Atlantic chapter of the Sierra Club to call animal products, a Hummer on a plate. However, free-range, organic, or local meats are not the solution. Free-Range, Cage-Free, Pasture-Raised Meat, Eggs, and Dairy Factory farmers are not animal-hating sadists who confine the animals for fun. Factory farming started because scientists in the 1960s were looking for a way to meet the meat demands of an exploding human population. The only way the U.S. can feed animal products to hundreds of millions of people is to grow grain as an intense monoculture, turn that grain into animal feed, and then give that feed to intensively confined animals. There isn’t enough available land on earth to raise all livestock free-range or cage-free. The United Nations reports that livestock now use 30 percent of the earth’s entire land surface, mostly permanent pasture but also including 33 percent of the global arable land used to produce feed for livestock. Free-range, pasture-fed animals would require even more land on which to feed. They require even more food and water than factory farmed animals, because they are exercising more. To meet the increasing demand for grass-fed beef, South American rainforests are being cleared to produce more pasture for organic, grass-fed beef to be exported. Only 3 percent of the beef produced in the U.S. is grass-fed, and already, thousands of wild horses are displaced by this relatively small number of cattle. The U.S. alone has 94.5 million beef cattle. One farmer estimates that it takes 2.5 to 35 acres of pasture, depending on the quality of the pasture, to raise a grass-fed cow. Using the more conservative figure of 2.5 acres of pasture, this means we need approximately 250 million acres to create grazing pastures for every cow in the U.S. Thats over 390,000 square miles, which is more than 10 percent of all the land in the U.S. Organic Meat Raising animals organically does not reduce the amount of food or water required to produce meat, and the animals will produce just as much waste. Under the National Organic Program administered by the USDA, organic certification for animal products has certain minimum care requirements under 7 C.F.R. 205, such as access to the outdoors, shade, shelter, exercise areas, fresh air, and direct sunlight (7 C.F.R. 205.239). Manure must also be managed in a manner that does not contribute to contamination of crops, soil, or water by plant nutrients, heavy metals, or pathogenic organisms and optimizes recycling of nutrients (7. C.F.R. 205.203) Organic livestock must also be fed organically produced feed and cannot be given growth hormones (7 C.F.R. 205.237). While organic meat does offer some environmental and health benefits over factory farming in terms of residue, waste management, pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers, the livestock do not consume less resources or produce less manure. Animals raised organically are still slaughtered, and organic meat is just as wasteful, if not more wasteful, than factory farmed meat. Local Meat We hear that one way to be eco-friendly is to eat locally, to reduce the amount of resources required to deliver food to our table. Locavores strive to build their diet around food produced within a certain distance from their home. While eating locally might reduce your impact on the environment, the reduction is not as great as some might believe and other factors are more important. According to CNN, an Oxfam report titled, Fair Miles - Recharting the Food Miles Map, found that the way in which food is produced is more important than how far that food is transported. The amount of energy, fertilizer, and other resources used on the farm may have more environmental significance than the transportation of the final product. Food miles are not always a good yardstick. Buying from a small, local conventional farm may have a greater carbon footprint than buying from a large, organic farm thousands of miles away. Organic or not, the larger farm also has the economy of scale on its side. And as a 2008 article in The Guardian points out, buying fresh produce from halfway around the world has a lower carbon footprint than buying local apples out of season that have been in cold storage for ten months. In The Locavore Myth, James E. McWilliams writes: One analysis, by Rich Pirog of the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture, showed that transportation accounts for only 11% of foods carbon footprint. A fourth of the energy required to produce food is expended in the consumers kitchen. Still more energy is consumed per meal in a restaurant, since restaurants throw away most of their leftovers... The average American eats 273 pounds of meat a year. Give up red meat once a week and youll save as much energy as if the only food miles in your diet were the distance to the nearest truck farmer. If you want to make a statement, ride your bike to the farmers market. If you want to reduce greenhouse gases, become a vegetarian. While buying locally produced meat will reduce the amount of fuel needed to transport your food, it does not change the fact that animal agriculture requires an inordinate amount of resources and produces a great deal of waste and pollution. Tara Garnett of the Food Climate Research Network stated: There is only one way of being sure that you cut down on your carbon emissions when buying food: stop eating meat, milk, butter and cheese... These come from ruminants- sheep and cattle- that produce a great deal of harmful methane. In other words, it is not the source of the food that matters but the kind of food you eat. All things being equal, eating locally is better than eating food that has to be transported thousands of miles, but the environmental advantages of locavorism pale in comparison with those of going vegan. Lastly, one can choose to be an organic, vegan locavore to reap the environmental benefits of all three concepts. They are not mutually exclusive.

Using Quality Methods to Ensure Consistency of Care Assignment

Using Quality Methods to Ensure Consistency of Care - Assignment Example Mostly, the health professionals in the emergency department of any health care are not in a position to diagnose the disease the patient is suffering from. In the case study, the paramedics respond fast enough and give prompt treatment after a quality assessment of the patient’s condition. The paramedics in this study demonstrate professionalism in that they treat the patient on site before admitting him to the hospital for further diagnosis. It is also evident that it takes a lot of time before the patient could receive relevant medical care due to lack of facilities at the local community hospital. Once again, the paramedics show commitment by frequently assessing the patient at every level of treatment (Dlugazc, 2006). Most surprisingly, the paramedics use radio to send messages to the tertiary center which demonstrates poor communication. The recruitment of highly trained professionals requiring high remuneration is relevant for attaining quality performance evaluation. Additionally, organizations require relevant equipment and vehicles for ambulance services which require a huge sum of capital. The establishment of a better communication system such as the global positioning system in EMS requires allocation of hefty resources. The establishment of a quality management department is costly and the development of strategies to monitor improvement is important for achieving the defined goals (Dlugazc, 2006). A well trained emergency team is relevant for the realization of improved health care services. As highlighted before, the paramedics in the case are well trained and discharge their duties diligently. Reliable and accurate data for performance evaluation will heavily rely on the skills from these professionals and therefore the need for skilled practitioners. The various systems developed to offer services to the patients should have the capacity to collect relevant data for measuring performance. Training should be offered to the staff on

Ethical Theories In Solving Crime Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical Theories In Solving Crime - Essay Example As you can see my strategy champions’ diplomacy and deliberate on what you should do. I will use my skills and interventions to sponsor a superior counseling strategy. Part of the plan will be to apply normative moral theories that I have with time learned from class to ensure that I properly solves the situation. To understand the scenes of crime in each case, especially the woman involved in crime, I will use consequentialism theory to understand what prompts the thoughts of crime. That is, what is the ultimate basis for any judgment about the rightness and the wrongness of the conduct I will further invite Jeremy Bentham Bentham and Burns believe on utilitarianism, which argues that people driven by their fears, hence they take precedence of their fears. Supportively, Eggleston argues that an action an action is moral when it produces the greatest amount of happiness. However, a problem will arise when the greatest happiness is achieved at the expense of a few. For that rea son, utilitarianism would seem to endorse crime when it produces the greatest total amount of happiness for the greatest number of people.

The Bloody Chamber Essay Example for Free

The Bloody Chamber Essay The major sense of desperation arises when the heroine enters the bloody chamber in her newly wedded husbands castle. The impact of this moment is powerful because up to now the bride is portrayed as a nave blushing bride. At this point it can be sensed that death awaits her. Once she passes the ill-lit corridor she crosses the boundary into the realm of death, mutilation, blood and horror. The passage leading up to this point has been thoroughly described by Carter. Angela Carter goes as far as to personify the chamber walls, they gleamed as if they were sweating with fright. Initially the narrative begins in an excited garbled state, but as the description becomes detailed it invokes a sense of immediacy. At the height of suspense we are led to the dead corpse with, the dead lips smiled making the situation even more drastic. Carter then strangely begins to describe the surroundings with elegant imagery, yet the skull was still so beautiful, had shapes with sheer planes. As the bride becomes familiar with her surroundings there is a growing sense of tension and when she finally comes face to face with the previous bride she is overwhelmed and is forced to escape the horrors. The imagery used at this point is particularly gruesome and highlights the use of dismal situations by Angela Carter, She was pierced, not by one but by one hundred spikes. Angela Carters use of desperate circumstances transforms the fairy tale conventions beyond its boundaries and into the realm of gothic fantasy. Carter also uses sustained periods of tense feelings to create an atmosphere of pressure fear. Also by adding horrific detail and descriptive references to sexuality the story no longer fits into the classic fairy tale genre. Angela Carter makes good use of narrative, plots, imagery and language to create scenes in horrific detail that helps to capture the readers attention. Angela Carter also uses unpromising situations in The Tigers Bridei to capture the audience. The Tigers Bride is a reworking of beauty and the Beast. Angela Carter tries to engage the reader by using language and imagery; in fact the daughter is not disgusted by the tiger but by his mask. Carter also uses alliteration with the soft sound of s making the description of the beast sound comforting where in reality he is far from it, He must bathe himself in scent, soak his shirt. The heroines reaction to the beastsisituation is pity and she confronts her fear by exposing herself to the beast as well. The actual moment of the tigers nakedness has a powerful impact on beauty. This can be supported by, The annihilating vehemence of his eyes, like twin suns. Beautys response to the beasts naked form is, I felt my breasts ripped apart as if I suffered a marvellous wound. The final transformation occurs when Beauty joins the tiger in his own environment, where the laws of the material world have no meaning. This is a key point where all the disturbed emotions become resolved. This can be proven when beauty says, I, white, shaking, raw approaching him as if offering, in myself, the key to a peaceable kingdom in which his appetite need not be my extinction. Carters use of a desperate situation where the heroine is not a victim but a character that is strong and in control, takes this story away from the traditional convention of fairytales. Also Beautys transformation takes this genre into the realm of fantasy. The strong references to sexuality also go against the conventions of fairy tales. In the climax of the story where the situation seems to become desperate and hopeless, Carter empowers beauty. Consequently beauty is able to control her desires. I believe by doing this Carter can manipulate the structure and rules of the genre. Cartersiuse of desperate situations and emotional instability totally contradicts the fairy Carters use of the above techniques takes apart the readers expectations of this genre, leaving them open minded to almost anything. Ultimately Carter thus keeps the reader interested and intrigued.